Current Events > How Youtube radicalized Brazil

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Antifar
08/12/19 4:00:50 PM
#1:


https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/11/world/americas/youtube-brazil.html?login=google&auth=login-google

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Members of the nations newly empowered far right from grass-roots organizers to federal lawmakers say their movement would not have risen so far, so fast, without YouTubes recommendation engine.

New research has found they may be correct. YouTubes search and recommendation system appears to have systematically diverted users to far-right and conspiracy channels in Brazil.

A New York Times investigation in Brazil found that, time and again, videos promoted by the site have upended central elements of daily life.

Teachers describe classrooms made unruly by students who quote from YouTube conspiracy videos or who, encouraged by right-wing YouTube stars, secretly record their instructors.

Some parents look to Dr. YouTube for health advice but get dangerous misinformation instead, hampering the nations efforts to fight diseases like Zika. Viral videos have incited death threats against public health advocates.

And in politics, a wave of right-wing YouTube stars ran for office alongside Mr. Bolsonaro, some winning by historic margins. Most still use the platform, governing the worlds fourth-largest democracy through internet-honed trolling and provocation.

YouTubes recommendation system is engineered to maximize watchtime, among other factors, the company says, but not to favor any political ideology. The system suggests what to watch next, often playing the videos automatically, in a never-ending quest to keep us glued to our screens.

But the emotions that draw people in like fear, doubt and anger are often central features of conspiracy theories, and in particular, experts say, of right-wing extremism.

As the system suggests more provocative videos to keep users watching, it can direct them toward extreme content they might otherwise never find. And it is designed to lead users to new topics to pique new interest a boon for channels like Mr. Mouras that use pop culture as a gateway to far-right ideas.

The system now drives 70 percent of total time on the platform, the company says. As viewership skyrockets globally, YouTube is bringing in over $1 billion a month, some analysts believe.

Zeynep Tufekci, a social media scholar, has called it one of the most powerful radicalizing instruments of the 21st century.

Company representatives disputed the studies methodology and said that the platforms systems do not privilege any one viewpoint or direct users toward extremism. However, company representatives conceded some of the findings and promised to make changes.

Farshad Shadloo, a spokesman, said that YouTube has invested heavily in the policies, resources and products to reduce the spread of harmful misinformation, adding, weve seen that authoritative content is thriving in Brazil and is some of the most recommended content on the site.
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Maurcio Martins, the local vice president of Mr. Bolsonaros party in Niteri, credited most of the partys recruitment to YouTube including his own.

He was killing time on the site one day, he recalled, when the platform showed him a video by a right-wing blogger. He watched out of curiosity. It showed him another, and then another.

Before that, I didnt have an ideological political background, Mr. Martins said. YouTubes auto-playing recommendations, he declared, were my political education.

It was like that with everyone, he said.

The platforms political influence is increasingly felt in Brazilian schools.

Sometimes Im watching videos about a game, and all of a sudden its a Bolsonaro video, said Inzaghi D., a 17-year-old high schooler in Niteri.
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Antifar
08/12/19 4:02:30 PM
#2:


A few hundred miles away from Niteri, a team of researchers led by Virgilio Almeida at the Federal University of Minas Gerais hunched over computers, trying understand how YouTube shapes its users reality.

The team analyzed transcripts from thousands of videos, as well as the comments beneath them. Right-wing channels in Brazil, they found, had seen their audiences expand far faster than others did, and seemed to be tilting the sites overall political content.

In the months after YouTube changed its algorithm, positive mentions of Mr. Bolsonaro ballooned. So did mentions of conspiracy theories that he had floated. This began as polls still showed him to be deeply unpopular, suggesting that the platform was doing more than merely reflecting political trends.

A team at Harvards Berkman Klein Center set out to test whether the Brazilian far rights meteoric rise on the platform had been boosted by YouTubes recommendation engine.

Jonas Kaiser and Yasodara Crdova, with Adrian Rauchfleisch of National Taiwan University, programmed a Brazil-based server to enter a popular channel or search term, then open YouTubes top recommendations, then follow the recommendations on each of those, and so on.

By repeating this thousands of times, the researchers tracked how the platform moved users from one video to the next. They found that after users watched a video about politics or even entertainment, YouTubes recommendations often favored right-wing, conspiracy-filled channels like Mr. Mouras.

Crucially, users who watched one far-right channel would often be shown many more.

The algorithm had united once-marginal channels and then built an audience for them, the researchers concluded.

One of those channels belonged to Mr. Bolsonaro, who had long used the platform to post hoaxes and conspiracies. Though a YouTube early adopter, his online following had done little to expand his political base, which barely existed on a national level.

Then Brazils political system collapsed just as YouTubes popularity there soared. Mr. Bolsonaros views had not changed. But YouTubes far-right, where he was a major figure, saw its audience explode, helping to prime large numbers of Brazilians for his message at a time when the country was ripe for a political shift.

YouTube challenged the researchers methodology and said its internal data contradicted their findings. But the company declined the Times requests for that data, as well as requests for certain statistics that would reveal whether or not the researchers findings were accurate.
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As the far right rose, many of its leading voices had learned to weaponize the conspiracy videos, offering their vast audiences a target: people to blame. Eventually, the YouTube conspiracists turned their spotlight on Debora Diniz, a womens rights activist whose abortion advocacy had long made her a target of the far right.

Bernardo Kster, a YouTube star whose homemade rants had won him 750,000 subscribers and an endorsement from Mr. Bolsonaro, accused her of involvement in the supposed Zika plots.

The very people working to help families affected by Zika, their videos implied, were behind the disease. Backed by shadowy foreigners, their goal was to abolish Brazils abortion ban or even make abortions mandatory.

As far-right and conspiracy channels began citing one another, YouTubes recommendation system learned to string their videos together. However implausible any individual rumor might be on its own, joined together, they created the impression that dozens of disparate sources were revealing the same terrifying truth.

It feels like the connection is made by the viewer, but the connection is made by the system, Ms. Diniz said.

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#3
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refmon
08/12/19 4:06:07 PM
#4:


can you sum this up for me
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Antifar
08/12/19 4:12:00 PM
#5:


refmon posted...
can you sum this up for me

New research has found they may be correct. YouTubes search and recommendation system appears to have systematically diverted users to far-right and conspiracy channels in Brazil.
...
In the months after YouTube changed its algorithm, positive mentions of Mr. Bolsonaro ballooned. So did mentions of conspiracy theories that he had floated. This began as polls still showed him to be deeply unpopular, suggesting that the platform was doing more than merely reflecting political trends.

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#6
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KillerKhan420
08/12/19 4:13:39 PM
#7:


Did they influence Brazil to stop all the butt porn they're famous for?
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brotrrwinner
08/12/19 4:14:49 PM
#8:


The notion of youtube, you-fucking-tube, promoting far-right ideals is fucking hilarious
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Axiom
08/12/19 4:15:05 PM
#9:


Youtube radicalized a hell of a lot more than Brazil. Just look at this board for examples of people posting far right vids
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#10
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Antifar
08/12/19 4:20:56 PM
#11:


brotrrwinner posted...
The notion of youtube, you-fucking-tube, promoting far-right ideals is fucking hilarious

Hilarious as it may be to you, it's a common finding, across multiple countries, among researchers who've studied the issue: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/06/08/technology/youtube-radical.html
It has also been a useful recruiting tool for far-right extremist groups. Bellingcat, an investigative news site, analyzed messages from far-right chat rooms and found that YouTube was cited as the most frequent cause of members red-pilling an internet slang term for converting to far-right beliefs. A European research group, VOX-Pol, conducted a separate analysis of nearly 30,000 Twitter accounts affiliated with the alt-right. It found that the accounts linked to YouTube more often than to any other site.

YouTube has been able to fly under the radar because until recently, no one thought of it as a place where radicalization is happening, said Becca Lewis, who studies online extremism for the nonprofit Data & Society. But its where young people are getting their information and entertainment, and its a space where creators are broadcasting political content that, at times, is overtly white supremacist.

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LockeMonster
08/12/19 4:22:44 PM
#12:


This week's "The Weekly" is based on this article.

YouTube is a rabbit hole type mechanism, "run" by people who simply want to make money, the content creators, but viewed by the dumb and ignorant masses. Thus allowing people to very easily fall into extremist views.

It's a very dangerous time. The internet can make you believe whatever the fuck if you're not being smart about it, and most people are unfortunately not.
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Blue_Inigo
08/12/19 4:22:53 PM
#13:


We're fucked

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IShall_Run_Amok
08/12/19 4:25:21 PM
#14:


shockthemonkey posted...
brotrrwinner posted...
The notion of youtube, you-fucking-tube, promoting far-right ideals is fucking hilarious

Why?

Because I feel it in mah haaaart~
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Gafemage
08/12/19 4:27:09 PM
#15:


I remember my entire recommended box was just Triggered SJW Compilation #3824 for pretty much the entirety of 2016.
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YukihoHagiwara
08/15/19 3:18:37 AM
#16:


come to Brazil - Brazilian right wing YouTube users
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Reis
08/15/19 3:21:21 AM
#17:


brotrrwinner posted...
The notion of youtube, you-fucking-tube, promoting far-right ideals is fucking hilarious

yeah no it's not

if you were ever linked to one of those dumb clickbait "lib gets owned by facts and logic" vids and watched even for a few seconds, your entire recommendations would get filled with that shit
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NinjaBreakfast
08/15/19 3:22:25 AM
#18:


The internet was a mistake
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GhettoFlip
08/15/19 3:22:42 AM
#19:


brotrrwinner posted...
The notion of youtube, you-fucking-tube, promoting far-right ideals is fucking hilarious


wow how ignorant can you be?

@brotrrwinner
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Duncanwii
08/15/19 3:28:29 AM
#20:


So when Bosalnero bulldozes the rain forest and kills us all we know who to blame.
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GhettoFlip
08/16/19 3:19:35 AM
#21:


@brotrrwinner are you gonna answer or what?
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DuneMan
08/16/19 4:52:42 AM
#22:


Reis posted...
if you were ever linked to one of those dumb clickbait "lib gets owned by facts and logic" vids and watched even for a few seconds, your entire recommendations would get filled with that shit

Heck, I watched a video about loot boxes, Yong Yea IIRC, and the next thing you know Quartering videos kept popping up in recommended, along with LegacyKillaHD and others. I'm sure watching either of those two would end up prompting Youtube's version of Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon, where Kevin Bacon is replaced by Red Pilled Nutjobs.
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MrMallard
08/16/19 5:05:50 AM
#23:


Damn, is YongYea red pilled? I thought he was a bit too full of himself, but the whole loot box thing is a fight worth fighting.
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ultimate reaver
08/16/19 5:11:25 AM
#24:


Gafemage posted...
I remember my entire recommended box was just Triggered SJW Compilation #3824 for pretty much the entirety of 2016.


Same happened to me. Never watched a single one of those things and yet every other time I logged in it was a nightmare of pure strain gamer rage and skeptics

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Delta_F14
08/16/19 5:22:29 AM
#25:


Yeah, something needs to be done about Alt-Right Youtube promoting actual Nazis. I say we boycott them, and contact their advertisers until Youtube bans all right-leaning content.
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NinjaBreakfast
08/16/19 5:25:58 AM
#26:


Delta_F14 posted...
Yeah, something needs to be done about Alt-Right Youtube promoting actual Nazis. I say we boycott them, and contact their advertisers until Youtube bans all right-leaning content.

You are a sad person
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brotrrwinner
08/16/19 9:09:33 AM
#28:


GhettoFlip posted...
@brotrrwinner are you gonna answer or what?

The answer is zero
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scar the 1
08/16/19 9:37:18 AM
#29:


I saw this as well, it's pretty scary
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KILBOTz
08/16/19 9:43:21 AM
#30:


Just remember that YouTubes algorithms target left leaning people as well. If youve found yourself going further left every year, maybe youre being brainwashed as well as the alt-right/Brazilian fascists.
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#31
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Chicken
08/16/19 10:09:24 AM
#32:


Reminder that politics are stupid no matter where you lean.
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BLAKUboy
08/16/19 10:35:05 AM
#33:


KILBOTz posted...
Just remember that YouTubes algorithms target left leaning people as well. If youve found yourself going further left every year, maybe youre being brainwashed as well as the alt-right/Brazilian fascists.

It does target "leftists" but not in the way you're saying. It tries to funnel everyone, left or right, down the alt-reich rabbit hole.
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legendary_zell
08/16/19 11:13:38 AM
#34:


I watched a bunch of Breadtube videos a few weeks ago and now YouTube keeps trying to serve political vids to me, including alt right trash. It's simply a fact that YouTube does this. It's not designed to work politically, and the company as a whole may be """""liberal"""", but the business model works based on amplifying what it thinks you like and giving you a slightly more intense version with each recommendation.

It starts with a video of Trigglypuff or Anita, then a gaming commentator/comedian with right leaning views like Crowder or something, then political videos for the purpose of mocking the other side, then political rants, then political "journalists" promoting conspiracies and right wing hot takes about PC Culture, Islam, immigration, feminism etc destroying our culture, then finally you end up at videos about the Great Replacement and Cultural Marxism, and the Jews directing all the social movements you've been taught to hate.

You can try it for yourself, it's simply true. I mean even Facebook labels us politically and serves us ads based on their analysis of our ideologies, YouTube has access to you building your ideology, of course they use it to keep you interested. That has the unintended side effect of radicalizing some percentage of people.
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KILBOTz
08/16/19 12:59:49 PM
#35:


BLAKUboy posted...
KILBOTz posted...
Just remember that YouTubes algorithms target left leaning people as well. If youve found yourself going further left every year, maybe youre being brainwashed as well as the alt-right/Brazilian fascists.

It does target "leftists" but not in the way you're saying. It tries to funnel everyone, left or right, down the alt-reich rabbit hole.


It tries to get you to watch as much YouTube as it can, period. It takes things you watch and finds things that other people view that watch what you do.

People in general spend more time watching stuff they agree with thanks to confirmation bias.
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Solar_Crimson
08/17/19 3:55:48 PM
#36:


The world is fucked. It seems like every country wants to move backwards.
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#37
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Solar_Crimson
08/17/19 4:07:58 PM
#38:


Spooking posted...
Same thing is happening in the US with Sanders and Warren videos.

No it isn't.
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Hop103
08/17/19 4:08:24 PM
#39:


That would imply Brazil's government was any good lately, the truth is, it hasn't been for a long time. Youtube is not at fault.
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The Admiral
08/17/19 4:08:59 PM
#40:


I think it's really patronizing to suggest that people are so gullible that Youtube videos can easily indoctrinate them into radical philosophies. This removes all the agency and semblance of intelligence from the Brazilian viewers.

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PleaseClap
08/17/19 4:14:20 PM
#41:


Antifar posted...
brotrrwinner posted...
The notion of youtube, you-fucking-tube, promoting far-right ideals is fucking hilarious

Hilarious as it may be to you, it's a common finding, across multiple countries, among researchers who've studied the issue: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/06/08/technology/youtube-radical.html
It has also been a useful recruiting tool for far-right extremist groups. Bellingcat, an investigative news site, analyzed messages from far-right chat rooms and found that YouTube was cited as the most frequent cause of members red-pilling an internet slang term for converting to far-right beliefs. A European research group, VOX-Pol, conducted a separate analysis of nearly 30,000 Twitter accounts affiliated with the alt-right. It found that the accounts linked to YouTube more often than to any other site.

YouTube has been able to fly under the radar because until recently, no one thought of it as a place where radicalization is happening, said Becca Lewis, who studies online extremism for the nonprofit Data & Society. But its where young people are getting their information and entertainment, and its a space where creators are broadcasting political content that, at times, is overtly white supremacist.

I wonder why people never address posts like this and instead pretend that theres absolutely no way that people could possibly be influenced by the kind of news and ideas that they hear
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Anteaterking
08/17/19 4:15:12 PM
#42:


KILBOTz posted...
It tries to get you to watch as much YouTube as it can, period. It takes things you watch and finds things that other people view that watch what you do.

People in general spend more time watching stuff they agree with thanks to confirmation bias.


I think you're conflating two things here. It's true that Youtube's algorithm is agnostic to whether something is far right, far left, etc. But there are a lot more alt-right people whose channels are made up of fifty minute videos where they talk about X,Y, and Z. There isn't nearly as much content available for far left people to get politically rabbithole'd by on Youtube.
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LockeMonster
08/17/19 4:16:09 PM
#43:


The Admiral posted...
I think it's really patronizing to suggest that people are so gullible that Youtube videos can easily indoctrinate them into radical philosophies. This removes all the agency and semblance of intelligence from the Brazilian viewers.

It's not just a thing in Brazil. The entire planet is being affected by YouTube's and by extension, Google's search algorithms and it's affecting people's propensity to start believing whatever. It's not limited to the left or right or anything. I know people from every background believing all types of bullshit.

And this is just the start. Unfortunately, the only solution to this is TV type regulations.
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NinjaBreakfast
08/17/19 4:20:10 PM
#44:


PleaseClap posted...
I wonder why people never address posts like this and instead pretend that theres absolutely no way that people could possibly be influenced by the kind of news and ideas that they hear

Certain posters have a vested interest in being willfully ignorant and/or being extremely disingenuous on topics of discussion such as this.

"Guys, it's extremely patronising to suggest that an endless stream of propaganda being funnelled into people's minds via an algorithm that catches you in an endless loop of similar recommended content with little to no prompting could influence people!" like ughhhh
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Questionmarktarius
08/17/19 4:27:17 PM
#45:


...maybe far-right loons haven't figure out adblockers yet?
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MasterGakke
08/17/19 4:38:09 PM
#46:


NinjaBreakfast posted...
The internet was a mistake

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YourDrunkFather
08/17/19 4:41:27 PM
#47:


YouTube made me do it!
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scar the 1
08/17/19 7:35:11 PM
#48:


The Admiral posted...
I think it's really patronizing to suggest that people are so gullible that Youtube videos can easily indoctrinate them into radical philosophies. This removes all the agency and semblance of intelligence from the Brazilian viewers.

You should report the scientific papers to GameFAQs mods
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Antifar
08/17/19 7:37:51 PM
#49:


The Admiral posted...
I think it's really patronizing to suggest that people are so gullible that Youtube videos can easily indoctrinate them into radical philosophies. This removes all the agency and semblance of intelligence from the Brazilian viewers.

It's not unique to Brazilians; you ever visit any Facebook page about politics? A lot of people are very susceptible to bullshit.
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Broseph_Stalin
08/17/19 7:46:43 PM
#50:


The Admiral posted...
I think it's really patronizing to suggest that people are so gullible that Youtube videos can easily indoctrinate them into radical philosophies.

so what did radicalize you then?
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