Current Events > My brother cannot comprehend the Monty Hall problem.

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GATTJT
05/24/20 7:25:24 PM
#1:


I try to explain it to him as best as I can but he just doesn't get it. For those unfamiliar:

You're on a game show. The host gives you the option to choose between 3 doors, 2 of which have a goat, 1 has a car. After you choose, the host opens 1 door to reveal a goat, then gives you the option to switch. Is it better to switch or stay?

The better option is to switch, because you have a 1/3 chance of choosing the car, so the other doors have a 2/3 chance between them to have the car. After opening 1 door, that chance goes into the door you didn't pick, because you still have a 1/3 chance of having the car. Easiest way to explain is to just increase the number of doors. 10 doors, 1 has a car, you have a 9/10 chance of choosing a goat. 8 other doors are opened to reveal goats. Do you now have 50% chance of having a car? Of course not, because you chose the door back when you had 10% chance.

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NeoShadowhen
05/24/20 7:30:05 PM
#2:


I understand the argument. Has it been tested? Seems like it would be wildly easy to program.
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#3
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FL81
05/24/20 7:33:18 PM
#4:


CE doesn't understand it either

incoming 100 post topic

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JoeDangIt
05/24/20 7:34:00 PM
#5:


NeoShadowhen posted...
I understand the argument. Has it been tested? Seems like it would be wildly easy to program.
Mythbusters did it.
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Cheese_Crackers
05/24/20 7:34:33 PM
#6:


FL81 posted...
CE doesn't understand it either

incoming 100 post topic

Idk about this version of the problem, but it's equivalent to a certain problem with red and green balls being picked from a bag, and that caused a stir on here recently.

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Jeff AKA Snoopy
05/24/20 7:35:36 PM
#7:


Mythbusters did it and showed it is better to switch.

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Jerry_Hellyeah
05/24/20 7:36:06 PM
#8:


What you've gotta understand is that it depends on how you phrase it. The way you phrased it is too loose. Specificity is key here.

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GATTJT
05/24/20 7:37:36 PM
#9:


Jerry_Hellyeah posted...
What you've gotta understand is that it depends on how you phrase it. The way you phrased it is too loose. Specificity is key here.
What's ambiguous about the way I phrased it?

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ZTT888returning
05/24/20 7:43:18 PM
#10:


Of course you switch. You instantly have a 50/50 chance and dont lose anything if you pick the second goat because you already have nothing.
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Geiki Ganger
05/24/20 7:43:23 PM
#11:


GATTJT posted...
What's ambiguous about the way I phrased it?

A key fact you left out is that the host always knows what is behind all three doors.

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Sad_Face
05/24/20 7:44:07 PM
#12:


Captain_Qwark posted...
1000 doors. You pick one. Host removes 998 wrong ones. Leaves one last one. Obviously better to switch to the last one than keep your first pick.


Came in to post this extreme example.
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Gakk86
05/24/20 7:45:25 PM
#13:


I remember that show. I always wanted to punch Monty Hall in the mouth, he was just so fucking smug and condescending. What an asshole.

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Frostshock
05/24/20 7:46:51 PM
#14:


Geiki Ganger posted...
A key fact you left out is that the host always knows what is behind all three doors.

Which is the somewhat unintuitive reason that swapping your case on Deal or No Deal doesn't give you an increased chance of winning.

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Annihilated
05/24/20 7:49:09 PM
#15:


I don't understand the point of this game. If you pick the goat, why would you stay? You have nothing to lose by switching because you either win a car or you just get a goat like you already have.
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s0nicfan
05/24/20 7:52:14 PM
#16:


Annihilated posted...
I don't understand the point of this game. If you pick the goat, why would you stay? You have nothing to lose by switching because you either win a car or you just get a goat like you already have.

The host reveals one of the two doors you didn't pick. So you still don't know what is behind your door, but you do know that one of the other doors you didn't pick definitely has a goat behind it.

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Annihilated
05/24/20 7:53:43 PM
#17:


s0nicfan posted...
The host reveals one of the two doors you didn't pick. So you still don't know what is behind your door, but you do know that one of the other doors you didn't pick definitely has a goat behind it.

Oh I see, that makes more sense. It's been a while since I looked at this problem. The host knowledge does make all the difference.
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Questionmarktarius
05/24/20 7:54:56 PM
#18:


Do I get to keep the goat?
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dj1200
05/24/20 7:57:09 PM
#19:


Just show him a youtube video that breaks it down.

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Tenlaar
05/24/20 7:58:00 PM
#20:


The wikipedia entry has it broken down into charts and visual representations.
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DrizztLink
05/24/20 7:59:02 PM
#21:


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Pogo_Marimo
05/24/20 8:01:56 PM
#22:


It's extremely simple to test. You can literally just write down every solution for the three doors and add up the probability of success. It comes out to 66% if you switch, 33% if you don't. It doesn't need to be tested though, we already know the answer with mathematical certainty.

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DevsBro
05/24/20 8:04:17 PM
#23:


NeoShadowhen posted...
I understand the argument. Has it been tested? Seems like it would be wildly easy to program.
I tested it myself with a simple program that ran the test 1000 times each way (switching and not switching), and it checks out.

I realized before I was even done programming that it checks out, because of the logic I used. Basically, I found that you win if you guess right the first time and don't switch xor you don't guess right the first time and you do switch. That simple logical statement made the simulation trivial but I ran it anyway, and sure enough around 667 switches and 333 non-switches were wins. I forget the exact numbers since it was years ago now.

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Questionmarktarius
05/24/20 8:04:46 PM
#24:


Pogo_Marimo posted...
It doesn't need to be tested though, we already know the answer with mathematical certainty.
Schoolkids don't need to be tested on mathematical certainties either, but we do it anyway.
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DevsBro
05/24/20 8:08:34 PM
#25:


Also, kind of a trivia thing but Monty Hall's show actually doesn't work the way the Monty Hall problem does.

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FaultyGourry
05/24/20 8:20:07 PM
#26:


Basically people don't get the problem because it's usually worded incorrectly and/or very poorly, leading to an assumption that the door reveal is based upon opening one of the doors with a goat only, not opening one randomly and that door just happening to have a goat behind it by chance. When people are thinking about the problem, they're thinking about it based on the problem itself, not the situation the problem is based on.

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realnifty1
05/24/20 9:22:01 PM
#27:


Another fun explanation is it to invert it.

Do you think you have a better chance of picking the door with the prize, or a better chance of picking a door without a prize?

Switching is like picking a door without a prize.
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Bad_Mojo
05/24/20 9:26:27 PM
#28:


I don't get it. I'm HORRIBLE at math, but I 100% understand this issue. It is always better to switch if they show and eliminate it down to 2 choices

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OrangeCrush980
05/24/20 9:28:45 PM
#29:


GATTJT posted...
Easiest way to explain is to just increase the number of doors. 10 doors, 1 has a car, you have a 9/10 chance of choosing a goat. 8 other doors are opened to reveal goats. Do you now have 50% chance of having a car?


Or it's like if 1 door had a gas mask and the other 9 doors had nothing.
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FrankGoreHOF
05/24/20 9:30:56 PM
#30:


Captain_Qwark posted...
Just make the numbers bigger and he'll probably understand

1000 doors. You pick one. Host removes 998 wrong ones. Leaves one last one. Obviously better to switch to the last one than keep your first pick.
This is the best way to teach people who have trouble understanding it, in my experience.

You arent switching to just one other door, you're switching to two other conceptual possibilities. Hence why you win 2/3 when swapping

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el_cheato
05/24/20 9:32:21 PM
#31:


We had to program this problem for one of my classes in college. Then we got to increase the amount of doors to a couple thousand to really demonstrate how much better it is to switch.

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Bad_Mojo
05/24/20 9:36:56 PM
#32:


el_cheato posted...
We had to program this problem for one of my classes in college. Then we got to increase the amount of doors to a couple thousand to really demonstrate how much better it is to switch.

Weak college, tbh. You should understand that in middle school. And again, this is coming from someone that is terrible at math

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FrankGoreHOF
05/24/20 9:45:12 PM
#33:


Bad_Mojo posted...
Weak college, tbh. You should understand that in middle school. And again, this is coming from someone that is terrible at math
You learned programming in middle school? Sounda like a dope ass school

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SH_expert44
05/24/20 9:46:10 PM
#34:


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DevsBro
05/24/20 9:47:07 PM
#35:


FrankGoreHOF posted...
You learned programming in middle school? Sounda like a dope ass school
He must go to school in some first world country like Europe.

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ChocoboMogALT
05/24/20 9:53:31 PM
#36:


Geiki Ganger posted...
A key fact you left out is that the host always knows what is behind all three doors.
Doesn't matter.

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Cheese_Crackers
05/24/20 9:55:37 PM
#37:


Bad_Mojo posted...
I don't get it. I'm HORRIBLE at math, but I 100% understand this issue. It is always better to switch if they show and eliminate it down to 2 choices

Then youre not horrible at math. The type of reasoning that it takes to realize why switching is better is mathematical reasoning and its way more important in math than arithmetic is.

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tiornys
05/24/20 9:57:45 PM
#38:


ChocoboMogALT posted...
Doesn't matter.
It can matter. Specifically, if it is possible for the host to randomly open the door that the car is behind, then the odds for switching are actually 50% if a goat was revealed (and 100% if the car was revealed).
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Bad_Mojo
05/24/20 9:59:02 PM
#39:


Cheese_Crackers posted...
Then youre not horrible at math. The type of reasoning that it takes to realize why switching is better is mathematical reasoning and its way more important in math than arithmetic is.

No, I very much am. I couldn't tell you what 8x7 is right now. I never passed Algebra, got a D in Pre-Algebra, and then another D in Applied Pr-Algebra

But I very easily understand this whole Monty Hall problem. It's like, how could you not?

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Damn_Underscore
05/24/20 10:03:35 PM
#40:


One way of understanding it is, imagine if there were one million boxes and you pick one. Then 999,998 are removed and the only ones left are the one you selected and another one.

Which one is more likely to be the winning box?
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ChocoboMogALT
05/24/20 10:04:26 PM
#41:


tiornys posted...
It can matter. Specifically, if it is possible for the host to randomly open the door that the car is behind, then the odds for switching are actually 50% if a goat was revealed (and 100% if the car was revealed).
That was going to be my point. If the host reveals the car, you switch to the car (presumably you're allowed), if the host reveals the goat,you switch as the problem is solved above (I think it's 66%).

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Bad_Mojo
05/24/20 10:05:56 PM
#42:


ChocoboMogALT posted...
If the host reveals the car

The host will never reveal the car first

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MrFingers07
05/24/20 10:07:42 PM
#43:


https://youtu.be/4Lb-6rxZxx0

I just googled it. Interesting

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tiornys
05/24/20 10:08:30 PM
#44:


ChocoboMogALT posted...
That was going to be my point. If the host reveals the car, you switch to the car (presumably you're allowed), if the host reveals the goat,you switch as the problem is solved above (I think it's 66%).
No, because the reason the odds are 66% as the problem is generally presented is because the host can't (or doesn't ever) reveal the car, which basically pushes the 1/3 * 100% portion of the odds into the goat + switch scenario.

To put it another way, take that scenario with 1 million boxes. If you pick one, and then 999,998 are taken away, and it's possible to take away the prize, where do you think the prize is most likely to be?
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dave_is_slick
05/24/20 10:15:05 PM
#45:


Damn_Underscore posted...
One way of understanding it is, imagine if there were one million boxes and you pick one. Then 999,998 are removed and the only ones left are the one you selected and another one.

Which one is more likely to be the winning box?
I guess this is just a problem I'll never truly get because I still don't see, even after all these explanations, why holding onto your pick when it's only two options left, is the "wrong" thing to do.

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tiornys
05/24/20 10:16:18 PM
#46:


dave_is_slick posted...
I guess this is just a problem I'll never truly get because I still don't see, even after all these explanations, why holding onto your pick when it's only two options left, is the "wrong" thing to do.
It's because you're not acting on the information that you've been indirectly given by the actions of the more knowledgable host.
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dave_is_slick
05/24/20 10:17:46 PM
#47:


tiornys posted...
It's because you're not acting on the information that you've been indirectly given by the actions of the more knowledgable host.
And that knowledge is?

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MrFingers07
05/24/20 10:20:25 PM
#48:


dave_is_slick posted...
I guess this is just a problem I'll never truly get because I still don't see, even after all these explanations, why holding onto your pick when it's only two options left, is the "wrong" thing to do.
I didn't get it either until i googled it and saw a video on it. I just find it easier to learn/digest information easier with videos than written down. Check post 43

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VideoboysaysCube
05/24/20 10:21:46 PM
#49:


I think this depends on whether the host has knowledge. Consider:

-host has no knowledge
-you pick a door
-host picks a random door, happens to be a goat

At this point, your odds are going to be 50/50, whether you switch or not. But if the host picked a door because he knew it was a goat, then it makes sense to switch, because he's actually eliminate a bad choice instead of making a random pick.


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tiornys
05/24/20 10:22:15 PM
#50:


dave_is_slick posted...
And that knowledge is?
That the door he opened never had the car.

Basically there are two scenarios. 1: your initial guess hit the car. In this case the host can open either of the other doors and you don't actually gain information, and if you switch you lose. 2: your initial guess missed the car. In this case the host must open the remaining door with a goat, and if you switch you win.

Scenario 1 happens 1 time in 3, scenario 2 happens 2 times in 3. If you're in scenario 2, the host is indirectly telling you where the car is (because he has no choice about which door he opens).
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