Current Events > 210,000-year-old human skull found in Greece oldest found outside of African

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Bio1590
07/10/19 8:01:32 PM
#1:


https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/10/world/early-human-skulls-greece-scn/index.html

Two skulls found in a Grecian cave paint a surprising portrait of who lived there hundreds of thousands of years ago. One fragmentary skull has been dated to 210,000 years ago, and researchers believe that it is the earliest evidence of modern humans living in Eurasia, according to a new study. The other, more complete skull belonged to a Neanderthal who lived 170,000 years ago.

Finding both in the same cave illustrates that multiple early migrations out of Africa, rather than a single event, helped early humans spread, according to the researchers. Southeast Europe is considered to be one of those major migration corridors out of Africa.

The study was published in the journal Nature on Wednesday.

Both skulls were found in a block of breccia, or broken fragments of rock and fossil cemented together, wedged high between the walls of the Apidima Cave in southern Greece. The skulls were discovered in 1978, when the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens was conducting research.

The breccia was dated to between 100,000 and 190,000 years old at the time. The skulls were not removed from the breccia and remained at the museum. Given the fragmentary nature of the skulls, they were difficult to remove and clean, though that eventually happened in the 1990s.

Apidima 1 was in pieces, and Apidima 2, the most complete skull belonging to the Neanderthal, was distorted. At the time, researchers focused on the latter. It had all of the characteristics of a Neanderthal, like a thick and rounded brow ridge.

Researcher Katerina Harvati and her colleagues, who focus on reevaluating the existing fossil record with cutting-edge dating techniques, were invited to study the Apidima fossils.

They scanned the fossils and created 3D reconstructions of them. The shape of each skull was compared with those of other species from the fossil record.

Apidima 2, which is essentially just the facial region of a skull without the lower jaw, matched yet again as a Neanderthal skull, despite its distortion.

Apidima 1, just the back of a skull, was fragmented but not distorted, so the researchers were able to use mirroring to re-create it.

The researchers were surprised to find all of the signatures of an early member of the Homo sapiens family in the Apidima 1 skull. The rounded back is just like a modern human's; Neanderthals have a bulge at the back of the skull that almost resembles a hair bun.

The oldest known fossils of early humans were found at Jebel Irhoud in Morocco, dating to 315,000 years ago. But the Jebel Irhoud fossils display more primitive features than Apidima 1.

Apidima 1 is now the oldest known European modern human fossil, 160,000 years older than previous discoveries.

The researchers also used uranium-series dating to determine the ages of each skull, putting Apidima 1 at 210,000 years old and Apidima 2 at 170,000 years old. Previously, it had been assumed they would both be the same age, given that they were found in the same breccia and only the breccia was initially dated.

But the cave system where they were found allowed for the remains of humans and animals from different time periods to accumulate.

The cave is reachable only by water now. At the time when modern humans and Neanderthals lived there separately, sea levels were lower. The cave overlooked a coastal plain that was probably perfect for hunting, while the cave itself provided shelter. Southern Greece would have been attractive during glacial times, offering a milder climate, the researchers said.


They discovered them 41 years ago and it took them this long to figure everything out. That's crazy.
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Hanky_Bannister
07/10/19 8:02:27 PM
#2:


but but but humans are only 6,000 years old!!!!!!
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Alteres
07/10/19 8:20:14 PM
#3:


Those time frames still blow my mind a bit.

200 to 300 thousand years ago.

What the hell have humans been doing for all that time?
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Ivynn
07/10/19 8:22:59 PM
#4:


Alteres posted...
Those time frames still blow my mind a bit.

200 to 300 thousand years ago.

What the hell have humans been doing for all that time?


It's amazing when you think about for the entirety of human existence, civilization is actually very new. For hundreds of thousands of years human society never went beyond tribes and stone tools.
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Zikten
07/10/19 8:25:17 PM
#5:


That's pretty cool
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Bad_Mojo
07/10/19 8:31:06 PM
#6:


Alteres posted...
Those time frames still blow my mind a bit.

200 to 300 thousand years ago.

What the hell have humans been doing for all that time?


It just further proves that humans were probably a lot more advance than we like to think, and something got fucked up
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Reiss
07/10/19 8:31:35 PM
#7:


fake, the earth is flat
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Alteres
07/10/19 8:33:49 PM
#8:


Ivynn posted...
Alteres posted...
Those time frames still blow my mind a bit.

200 to 300 thousand years ago.

What the hell have humans been doing for all that time?


It's amazing when you think about for the entirety of human existence, civilization is actually very new. For hundreds of thousands of years human society never went beyond tribes and stone tools.

Guess it took awhile to kill off all of those giants/trolls/hobbits etc.

(Meaning all of the interesting hominids found to co-exist with us from the fossil record)
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Ssb_yunglink
07/10/19 8:35:17 PM
#9:


How the hell did we not become more advanced through these thousands of years? Most technology we have is from like the last 2 centuries alone.
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Unsugarized_Foo
07/10/19 8:36:06 PM
#10:


Hanky_Bannister posted...
but but but humans are only 6,000 years old!!!!!!


Prove its not true
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Alteres
07/10/19 8:40:37 PM
#11:


Ssb_yunglink posted...
How the hell did we not become more advanced through these thousands of years? Most technology we have is from like the last 2 centuries alone.

This truly is a scary thought.

Especially because I have heard estimates that all traces of our civilization would be gone in 10 to 20 thousand years.

Sounds like a long time, but compared to how long we have existed it is barely a bump in the road...
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Bad_Mojo
07/10/19 8:41:25 PM
#12:


Ssb_yunglink posted...
How the hell did we not become more advanced through these thousands of years? Most technology we have is from like the last 2 centuries alone.


Bad_Mojo posted...
It just further proves that humans were probably a lot more advance than we like to think, and something got fucked up

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MorbidFaithless
07/10/19 8:41:38 PM
#13:


Ssb_yunglink posted...
How the hell did we not become more advanced through these thousands of years? Most technology we have is from like the last 2 centuries alone.

Tbf, we did start from scratch lol. For a lot of that time we were just trying to stay alive.
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Bad_Mojo
07/10/19 8:45:08 PM
#14:


MorbidFaithless posted...
Ssb_yunglink posted...
How the hell did we not become more advanced through these thousands of years? Most technology we have is from like the last 2 centuries alone.

Tbf, we did start from scratch lol. For a lot of that time we were just trying to stay alive.


What's even more crazy that it was only 66 years between flying the first plane and landing on the fucking moon
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Ssb_yunglink
07/10/19 8:48:37 PM
#15:


Bad_Mojo posted...
Ssb_yunglink posted...
How the hell did we not become more advanced through these thousands of years? Most technology we have is from like the last 2 centuries alone.


Bad_Mojo posted...
It just further proves that humans were probably a lot more advance than we like to think, and something got fucked up

I wonder what would happen to destroy an advanced civilization like that. If something like that happened today, there would still be evidence of our technology and advances in at least some way.
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Hanky_Bannister
07/10/19 8:49:18 PM
#16:


Unsugarized_Foo posted...
Hanky_Bannister posted...
but but but humans are only 6,000 years old!!!!!!


Prove its not true

Did you forget this topic you posted in exists?
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Alteres
07/10/19 8:50:34 PM
#17:


Ssb_yunglink posted...

I wonder what would happen to destroy an advanced civilization like that. If something like that happened today, there would still be evidence of our technology and advances in at least some way.

Alteres posted...
Ssb_yunglink posted...
How the hell did we not become more advanced through these thousands of years? Most technology we have is from like the last 2 centuries alone.

This truly is a scary thought.

Especially because I have heard estimates that all traces of our civilization would be gone in 10 to 20 thousand years.

Sounds like a long time, but compared to how long we have existed it is barely a bump in the road...

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ThyCorndog
07/10/19 8:52:58 PM
#18:


Ssb_yunglink posted...
How the hell did we not become more advanced through these thousands of years? Most technology we have is from like the last 2 centuries alone.

technology kind of has a domino effect where building one thing leads to another leads to another

we spent most of our history just surviving the day to day. before agriculture, you had to spend most of your time just trying to feed yourself. was literally a full time ordeal. settling down with agriculture started civilization off and things took off from there bit by bit
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Bad_Mojo
07/10/19 8:55:58 PM
#19:


Ssb_yunglink posted...
I wonder what would happen to destroy an advanced civilization like that. If something like that happened today, there would still be evidence of our technology and advances in at least some way.


I"m not saying they had computers and stuff, but I have always wondered about why gold was always so valuable, and isn't gold a great conductor for electric or something?

There are just too many stories of these demigod people [The Bible, Mythology, ect] from all over the world, and then the world gets fucked up, and those people are no longer around.

To many really advanced structures

And you have to remember that we lost so much knowledge with the Library of Alexandra was burned down
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Unsugarized_Foo
07/10/19 9:05:26 PM
#20:


Hanky_Bannister posted...
Unsugarized_Foo posted...
Hanky_Bannister posted...
but but but humans are only 6,000 years old!!!!!!


Prove its not true

Did you forget this topic you posted in exists?


That tech is wildly off a lot. It ain't consistent
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MorbidFaithless
07/10/19 9:08:45 PM
#21:


God I would give anything to be able to go back in time and witness these moments of humanity's journey. The first first birth of what we'd call homo sapiens. The first murder. The first celebration. The first man made fire. Just about aanything would be so fascinating.
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Ivynn
07/10/19 9:10:11 PM
#22:


Bad_Mojo posted...
Ssb_yunglink posted...
I wonder what would happen to destroy an advanced civilization like that. If something like that happened today, there would still be evidence of our technology and advances in at least some way.


I"m not saying they had computers and stuff, but I have always wondered about why gold was always so valuable, and isn't gold a great conductor for electric or something?

There are just too many stories of these demigod people [The Bible, Mythology, ect] from all over the world, and then the world gets fucked up, and those people are no longer around.

To many really advanced structures

And you have to remember that we lost so much knowledge with the Library of Alexandra was burned down


Careful now, you're heading into ancient aliens territory
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Tyranthraxus
07/10/19 9:10:27 PM
#23:


Alteres posted...
Those time frames still blow my mind a bit.

200 to 300 thousand years ago.

What the hell have humans been doing for all that time?

Arguing over whether it's soft g or hard g
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masticatingman
07/10/19 9:16:05 PM
#24:


I just dont get people who believe in anthropology dogma...when the whole science is forced to change its viewpoints every decade or so based on new findings anyway. When it comes to humanitys history, we dont know shit.
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Dragonblade01
07/10/19 9:24:00 PM
#25:


Ssb_yunglink posted...
How the hell did we not become more advanced through these thousands of years? Most technology we have is from like the last 2 centuries alone.

Because advancement is an exponential curve, not a straight line. Technological progress isn't as intuitive as it seems from our modern perspective. The right things have to happen first, and the early steps were the hardest.
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